DCF Valuation Step by Step: What Future Cash Flows Are Worth Today
A discounted cash flow walkthrough with no shortcuts: projecting free cash flow, discounting, terminal value — every formula shown and every assumption stated.
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Slowio Blog
Notes on value investing, company analysis and portfolio arithmetic.
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The Arithmetic of Compounding: Three Rates, Twenty-Five Years
What compounding actually does over 25 years at 3%, 5% and 7% — including the breakeven year and the measurable cost of starting later. An educational walkthrough.
The Macro Picture Behind Every Market: Inflation, GDP and Price Levels
Inflation history, cumulative price-level drift, GDP and market size — the handful of macro series worth knowing, charted across decades for the US, Germany and Italy.
Government Bond Yields, Curves and Spreads in Five Charts
Yield curves, term spreads, cross-country spreads and real yields — what each one measures and how to read them, in five charts of actual government bond data.
Five Holdings — or One Bet Five Times? Measuring Portfolio Correlation
Counting positions is not diversification. Correlation heatmaps, rolling correlations and risk contribution — how to measure whether holdings actually offset each other.
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Portfolio Look-Through: What a Portfolio Actually Holds
Beyond the list of tickers: look-through allocation, sector concentration, dividend-inclusive performance and per-holding attribution — on a worked example portfolio.
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ETF Fees Compound Too: Comparing Two World ETFs
A 0.25% fee difference looks tiny and is not: how expense ratios compound over 30 years, shown with two world ETFs tracking nearly the same index.
ETF X-Ray: What's Actually Inside a Fund
Two ETFs with near-identical names can hold very different things. Sector donuts, holdings flows and fee twins — how to see inside a fund before comparing it to anything.
Cheap or Just Average? Reading a Stock Against Its Sector
A P/E of 18 means nothing on its own. How sector and industry weighted medians turn raw ratios into context — Ferrari vs the auto industry as a worked example.
How to Compare Two Stocks on the Same Yardstick
Comparing two companies fairly: same scores, same ratios, same fiscal-year axis. Adyen vs PayPal as a worked example of a side-by-side stock comparison.
Financial Ratios Explained with 40 Years of Apple Data
Margins, ROE, ROA and valuation ratios — what they mean and why the 40-year trajectory matters more than any single year, shown on Apple’s full history.
Stress-Testing a Portfolio: Monte Carlo Crisis, Bear and Bull Scenarios
What Monte Carlo scenario simulation shows about a portfolio: crisis, bear and bull regimes, fan charts, drawdowns — and what diversification actually costs and buys.
How to Read a Company's Financials in 60 Seconds
A fast, repeatable way to read a company’s financial statements: four 0–100 scores, then decades of income, cash-flow and debt history — shown on real data.
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